What involves passing traits from one parent to the next generation?

The process of passing traits from one parent to the next generation is best described by sexual reproduction. This form of reproduction combines genetic material from two parents, resulting in offspring that have a mix of traits inherited from both. This genetic variation is crucial for evolution and adaptation, allowing for a diverse gene pool in a population.

In contrast, asexual reproduction involves a single parent producing offspring that are genetically identical to itself. While traits are passed down, the lack of genetic variation limits the adaptability of the offspring. Thus, while asexual reproduction does transmit traits, it does not create the same level of genetic diversity.

Cloning also produces genetically identical individuals and falls under the broader category of asexual reproduction. Binary fission is a method of reproduction primarily seen in prokaryotic organisms, such as bacteria, and also leads to identical offspring.

In summary, sexual reproduction is the process that specifically involves the combination of genetic traits from two parents, resulting in a unique set of characteristics in each offspring, which underscores the correct choice in the context of your question.