What is a mutation?

A mutation refers specifically to a change in the DNA sequence. It can occur in various ways, such as through substitutions, deletions, insertions, or rearrangements of nucleotides within the genetic material. Mutations can have significant implications for organisms, as they can lead to changes in the way proteins are made, potentially affecting the organism's traits and functions.

Understanding that a mutation is fundamentally about the DNA sequence helps clarify its role in genetics and evolution. While changes in protein structure, cellular structure, and cell function may result from mutations, the definition of a mutation itself is centered on the direct alteration of the DNA sequence. This understanding is crucial for studying genetic variation, disease mechanisms, and the processes of evolution.