What is the function of growth factors in cell division?

Growth factors play a critical role in stimulating cell division and differentiation. These are signaling molecules that bind to specific receptors on the surface of target cells, triggering a cascade of biochemical processes that lead to cellular responses. When growth factors bind to their receptors, they activate pathways that promote the cell cycle's progression, encouraging cells to move from the resting phase (G0) into the active phases of division, including DNA replication (S phase) and mitosis (M phase). Additionally, growth factors can influence the differentiation of cells, directing them to develop into specific cell types with distinct functions. This dual role is essential for tissue growth, repair, and overall development in multicellular organisms.

In contrast, other options do not accurately represent the role of growth factors. Some might mistakenly consider them as having inhibitory functions or providing structural support; however, their primary purpose is to promote growth and cellular responses rather than to inhibit or support the physical structure of cells.