What is the main function of a pedigree chart?

A pedigree chart is primarily used to trace inheritance patterns of traits within a family over multiple generations. It visually represents the relationships between family members and indicates which individuals exhibit specific traits, especially those that may be inherited. This allows researchers and geneticists to analyze how a particular genetic trait or condition is passed down, identifying carriers, affected individuals, and unaffected individuals within the family lineage. This information is crucial for understanding the potential for genetic diseases to be passed on to future generations and can aid in making informed decisions regarding genetic counseling and testing. The focus on inheritance patterns makes this tool invaluable for studying genetics in relation to familial relationships.