What is the phase of the cell cycle where the cell carries out its basic functions before division?

The phase of the cell cycle where the cell performs its essential functions before division is interphase. During interphase, the cell is not actively dividing but is engaged in various critical processes that prepare it for mitosis. This phase can be further subdivided into three stages: G1 (the first gap phase), S (synthesis phase), and G2 (the second gap phase).

In the G1 phase, the cell grows and synthesizes proteins necessary for DNA replication. During the S phase, the cell replicates its DNA, ensuring that each daughter cell will have an identical set of chromosomes when division occurs. Following this, in the G2 phase, the cell continues to grow and produces proteins and organelles needed for mitosis.

Interphase accounts for the majority of the cell cycle and is crucial for the overall health and functionality of the cell, allowing it to conduct metabolic activities, respond to the environment, and replicate its genetic material accurately. This contrasts with the other phases, which involve the actual physical process of cell division.