What is the term for a cell with a full set of chromosomes?

A cell with a full set of chromosomes is referred to as a diploid cell. In humans and many other organisms, diploid cells contain two complete sets of chromosomes, one inherited from each parent. This means that a diploid cell has a total of 46 chromosomes, organized into 23 pairs.

This configuration is crucial for sexual reproduction, as it allows for the pairing of maternal and paternal chromosomes during meiosis, the process that generates gametes (sperm and egg cells). When these gametes fuse during fertilization, they restore the diploid number in the resultant zygote, ensuring genetic diversity and stability across generations.

In contrast, haploid cells, which are another type referred to in the choices, have only one set of chromosomes, totaling 23 in humans. Germ cells are specifically the haploid cells involved in reproduction, while neural cells refer to specialized cells in the nervous system and do not directly relate to the chromosomal composition of typical somatic cells.