What is true about the state of chromosomes in gametes?

Gametes, which are the reproductive cells (sperm and egg), are characterized by having a haploid number of chromosomes. This means that they contain only one set of chromosomes, totaling half the number found in somatic (body) cells. In humans, for instance, somatic cells are diploid with 46 chromosomes, while gametes each have 23 chromosomes.

The haploid state is essential for sexual reproduction because it ensures that when fertilization occurs, the resulting zygote will have the correct diploid number of chromosomes, combining genetic material from both parents. This mechanism maintains the species' chromosome number across generations through meiosis, which is the process by which gametes are produced.

In contrast to gametes, somatic cells contain pairs of chromosomes and are diploid, comprising two sets of homologous chromosome pairs. This difference underscores the unique role of gametes in reproduction versus the commitment to progression through the life cycle of the organism.