Which term describes genetically programmed cell death?

The term that describes genetically programmed cell death is apoptosis. This process is characterized by a series of well-defined biochemical events leading to systematic dismantling of cellular components without causing an inflammatory response. Apoptosis is a crucial mechanism in various biological processes, including development, tissue remodeling, and the removal of damaged or unwanted cells.

During apoptosis, cells undergo a series of morphological changes, such as cell shrinkage, chromatin condensation, and fragmentation into apoptotic bodies, which are then cleared away by phagocytic cells. This process helps maintain tissue homeostasis and is essential for normal development and functioning in multicellular organisms. In contrast, necrosis refers to uncontrolled cell death often resulting from injury or infection, while cell senescence describes a state where cells stop dividing but remain metabolically active. Cytolysis involves the rupture of the cell membrane, leading to cell death through non-programmed means rather than the regulated process observed in apoptosis.